Ikwezi, a Xhosa word meaning "rising star", was a Marxist-Leninist journal devoted to proletarian socialist revolution in Southern Africa, published in England by "a group of South African and Southern African revolutionaries with long histories of devotion to the struggle for freedom in Southern Africa". Ikwezi claimed to work within the mainstream liberation movements while aiming to help the process of building a Marxist-Leninist Party based on the Chinese model of revolution and the writings of Mao-Tse-Tung. The struggle was seen as both a national and a class struggle against colonial and imperial domination. Ikwezi took a firm stand against Russian social-imperialism regarding it as being the greater danger compared to American imperialism.